11/16/2023 0 Comments Full leg compression stockingAt the same time, the prevalence of pathologic chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is higher in this group. Prolonged standing commonly contributes to a physiologic venous insufficiency in long-standing workers, who complain of swelling of the lower limbs, a heavy feeling in the legs, leg numbness, skin itching, dilated capillaries, varicose veins, and skin discoloration. These hemodynamic abnormalities in the veins of the lower legs might be related to valve dysfunction, increased venous wall tension and distension, and endothelial dysfunction and leukocyte infiltration, which lead to a cascade of inflammation. Leg immobility from prolonged standing causes ineffective calf muscle pumping and subsequent venous blood pooling and hypertension in the lower extremities. Prolonged standing has reportedly been associated with negative health outcomes, including chronic venous diseases, fatigue, low back pain, carotid atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, orthostatic intolerance, and pregnancy issues, such as increased preterm birth or spontaneous abortion. In Dutch standing work guidelines, more than 1 h of continuous standing and more than 4 h of standing in total is unsafe and places the individual at a high risk of strain and health problems, and for which immediate intervention to reduce the strain should be performed. Many workers are required to stand for long periods of time, these workers include nurses, teachers, shop assistants, cooks, pharmacists, and hairdressers, or sit, such as office workers, drivers, and information technology specialists. This trial protocol was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0005383, the date of first registration: ). Although the use of MCS during the workday did not show improvement in leg pain immediately after work (T0-T1), both MCS with resting and MCS with IPC decreased leg pain at T1-T2 and prevented leg edema at T0-T1. Leg pain and edema after prolonged standing (T1-T2) in adults were safely and effectively improved by both IPC alone and IPC with MCS. The ECF/TBF and ECW/TBW of all protocols decreased after interventions. After interventions, leg volume and circumference significantly decreased in protocols A and C, although protocols B and C did not show significant improvement. When leg swelling was compared at T0 and T1, protocols A and C showed significant increases in leg volume and circumference, indicating significant work-induced edema, whereas protocols B and D showed no change or even a decrease. ResultsĪll four protocols had significantly increased leg pain after work (T0-1) but improved 60 min after intervention (T1-2), particularly protocol C (decreased VAS by 1.9). Outcomes were assessed before work (T0), after work (T1), and 60 min after intervention (T2). The secondary outcomes were leg volume (mL), circumference (cm), extracellular fluid/total body fluid (ECF/TBF), and extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) through bioelectrical impedance analysis. The primary outcome was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for leg pain. Four treatment protocols were established for each visit as follows: protocol A (not wear MCS during work and rest without IPC after work), protocol B (wear MCS during work and rest without IPC after work), protocol C (not wear MCS during work and treat with IPC after work), and protocol D (wear MCS during work and treat with IPC after work). This crossover trial was conducted with 39 participants with complaints of leg edema and pain whose work involved standing for more than 8 h daily. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effect among resting, IPC and MCS alone, and IPC with MCS in long-standing workers (> 8 h daily). Compression therapy, which includes medical compression stockings (MCS) and mechanical intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), is one of the most effective therapeutic interventions for treating chronic venous diseases. During prolonged standing, insufficient calf muscle pumping accompanies venous stasis and hypertension in the lower legs, resulting in valve dysfunction, venous wall problems, and sub-sequent inflammation.
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